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Does WIC participation improve breast-feeding practices?

J B Schwartz¹, B M Popkin, J Tognetti

¹Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 27516-3997, USA.

American Journal of Public Health

|May 1, 1995

Summary

Prenatal participation in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) boosts breast-feeding initiation. However, WIC

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Area of Science:

Public Health
Maternal and Child Health
Nutrition Programs

Background:

The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) aims to improve health outcomes for low-income populations.
Previous research has yielded mixed results regarding WIC's impact on breast-feeding behavior.
Understanding factors influencing breast-feeding initiation and duration is crucial for public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

To model the determinants of breast-feeding initiation and duration among WIC participants and nonparticipants.
To assess the impact of prenatal WIC participation on breast-feeding behavior.
To identify factors associated with breast-feeding success within the WIC program.

Main Methods:

Utilized retrospective cross-sectional data from the 1988 National Maternal and Infant Health Survey.
Employed statistical modeling to analyze breast-feeding initiation and duration.
Controlled for potential confounders including parental age, education, race, and family income.
Addressed self-selection bias to the extent possible with the available data.

Main Results:

Prenatal WIC participation was significantly associated with increased breast-feeding initiation.
Breast-feeding advice provided prenatally at WIC clinics, in conjunction with program participation, enhanced initiation rates.
WIC participation and prenatal advice did not demonstrate a significant effect on breast-feeding duration.
The specific components of effective prenatal breast-feeding advice remain to be elucidated.

Conclusions:

Prenatal WIC participation and targeted breast-feeding advice are effective in promoting initial breast-feeding uptake.
Further research is needed to clarify the characteristics of effective prenatal breast-feeding counseling within WIC.
Optimizing WIC's role in supporting breast-feeding requires a deeper understanding of effective advice strategies for sustained duration.

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