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Transfusion-transmitted retrovirus infection
1American Red Cross, Jerome H. Holland Laboratory, Rockville, Maryland, USA.
Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America
|February 1, 1995
Summary
This review details human retroviruses, including immunodeficiency viruses (HIV-1, HIV-2) causing AIDS and oncoviruses (HTLV-I, HTLV-II) linked to cancer. It also covers human foamy viruses and their impact on transfusion medicine.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Immunology
- Transfusion Medicine
Background:
- Human retroviruses encompass diverse types with distinct pathogenic mechanisms.
- Human retroviral infections have significant implications for public health and medical practices.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the history, classification, and disease associations of human retroviruses.
- To outline the impact of human retroviruses on transfusion medicine.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of known human retroviruses.
- Analysis of their effects on cellular processes and disease induction.
Main Results:
- Human Immunodeficiency Viruses (HIV-1, HIV-2) are cytolytic, causing Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS).
- Oncoviruses (HTLV-I, HTLV-II) are lymphoproliferative, inducing cellular transformation.
- Human foamy viruses are recognized as potential neuropathogens with complex genomic structures.
Conclusions:
- Understanding human retroviruses is crucial for managing diseases like AIDS and associated cancers.
- The complex nature of retroviruses necessitates ongoing research, particularly concerning their role in neuropathogenesis and transfusion safety.