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Lipid intolerance in smokers

M Axelsen1, B Eliasson, E Joheim

  • 1Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg University, Sweden.

Journal of Internal Medicine
|May 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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Smokers show impaired postprandial lipid metabolism, indicating lipid intolerance. This suggests a link between smoking, insulin resistance syndrome, and increased cardiovascular disease risk.

Area of Science:

  • Metabolic research
  • Cardiovascular health
  • Lipidology

Background:

  • Smokers often exhibit insulin resistance and characteristics of the insulin resistance syndrome (IRS).
  • Understanding lipid metabolism in smokers is crucial for assessing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess fasting and postprandial lipid levels in healthy chronic smokers compared to non-smokers.
  • To investigate the relationship between smoking, lipid metabolism, and insulin resistance syndrome traits.

Main Methods:

  • A standardized mixed meal was administered to 22 middle-aged healthy males (9 smokers, 13 non-smokers).
  • Smokers were either abstinent for 48 hours or smoked freely, including during the study.
  • Fasting and postprandial lipid profiles, including triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, were measured.

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Main Results:

  • Smokers demonstrated significantly higher postprandial triglyceride increases (over 50%), indicating lipid intolerance.
  • Fasting triglyceride levels were similar, but smokers had lower fasting HDL cholesterol.
  • Impaired lipolytic removal capacity in smokers correlated negatively with fasting HDL cholesterol.

Conclusions:

  • Healthy smokers exhibit abnormal postprandial lipid metabolism, consistent with lipid intolerance.
  • Postprandial hyperlipidaemia and impaired lipid removal may be characteristic of the insulin resistance syndrome.
  • These metabolic alterations in smokers likely contribute to their increased propensity for cardiovascular disease.