Polyarteritis nodosa-like vasculitis in human immunodeficiency virus infection

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can present with musculoskeletal syndromes including systemic vasculitis. We describe vasculitis resembling polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) in 2 HIV-infected individuals and review reported cases to emphasize clinical features. Our patients presented with digital gangrene and had vasculitis confirmed by angiography. In reports in the literature, patients have presented with digital ischemia and gangrene, peripheral neuropathy and constitutional symptoms. The diagnosis has been confirmed by angiography and by nerve and muscle biopsy. Treatment with systemic corticosteroids has afforded short term benefits to patients; however the effectiveness of alternative therapy and longterm prognosis remain unclear.