Increased insulin responses to ingested foods are associated with lessened satiety

In order to assess the relationship between metabolic responses and satiety, four men and five women ate two pairs of foods containing 50 g of available carbohydrate, ordinary and quick-cooking rice and high- and low-amylose puffed rice. Plasma glucose and insulin levels and satiety ratings were assessed over 2 h and food intake measured immediately thereafter. The area under the curve (AUC) of the 2-h glucose response was 1.6 times greater after quick-cooking rice than that for ordinary rice. Similarly, the glucose AUC for the low-amylose rice was 1.5 times higher than that of the high-amylose rice. Insulin responses followed the pattern of the glucose responses. Conversely, the satiety AUC was 1.5 times higher for ordinary rice than for the quick-cooking rice, and 1.5 times higher for high-amylose than for low-amylose rice. Food intake (g) immediately after each 2-h session was significantly related to both the satiety AUC and the last rating score, thereby corroborating the satiety ratings. A significant negative association was found between the individual insulin and satiety AUC responses to the four foods. These results suggest that increased rate of starch digestion and higher insulin responses are associated with lessened satiety.