Aminophylline use in the critically ill: an old ally or new foe?

Although the use of aminophylline as a first line bronchodilator has declined during the last 2 decades, there are other clinical indications for which aminophylline is effective and may be the drug of choice. In this article, the author describes the drug's pharmacokinetics, physiologic effects, and indications for use. In addition, research pertaining to contemporary use of the drug is summarized. It is hoped that this article will help the critical care nurse assess and care for those critically ill patients for whom in aminophylline is used as primary or adjunctive therapy.