Topical and subcutaneous alpha-interferon fails to suppress corneal neovascularization

Corneal neovascularization is a potentially blinding complication of a variety of corneal disorders. alpha-Interferon has been shown to inhibit endothelial cell migration and proliferation. It has been used successfully in the treatment of pediatric pulmonary hemangioma and hairy cell leukemia. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of topical and subcutaneous (s.c.) alpha-interferon on corneal neovascularization. Corneal neovascularization was induced in 40 male New Zealand white rabbits by placing silk sutures (7.0) bilaterally in each rabbit eye at the 3 and 9 o'clock positions of the cornea, 3 mm from the limbus. Animals were randomized into two main treatment groups for topical (group 1) and s.c. (group 2) administration of interferon. Group 1 (n = 24) was then randomized into four subgroups and treated daily with topical doses of (a) rabbit specific alpha-interferon; (b) alpha-interferon plus 1% prednisolone acetate; (c) 1% prednisolone acetate; and (d) buffered phosphate control. Group 2 (n = 16) was randomized into two subgroups that received s.c. injections every other day of (a) alpha-interferon and (b) phosphate buffer. Rate of corneal neovascularization was documented photographically, with the end-point being the arrival of vessels at the suture for each group. The results of this study indicated that at the concentration and dosing regimens we used, neither topical nor s.c. alpha-interferon inhibits the rate of corneal vascular growth significantly when compared with our phosphate buffered solution control group (p = 0.88 and p = 0.84, respectively). Prednisolone acetate appeared to be the most effective in inhibiting corneal neovascularization (p = 0.003).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)