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Antioxidants and physical performance

P M Clarkson1

  • 1Department of Exercise Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003, USA.

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
|January 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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Strenuous exercise increases oxidative stress, but regular training augments the body's antioxidant defenses. While antioxidant supplements don't boost performance, consuming antioxidant-rich foods is recommended for exercisers.

Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Biochemistry
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Strenuous physical activity significantly elevates oxygen consumption, leading to oxidative stress and free radical generation.
  • This oxidative stress can cause lipid peroxidation, a marker of cellular damage.
  • The body possesses a defense system of free radical scavengers and associated enzymes to mitigate these effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the impact of exercise on oxidative stress and the body's antioxidant defense mechanisms.
  • To investigate the role of physical training and antioxidant supplementation in mitigating exercise-induced oxidative stress.
  • To provide recommendations for exercisers regarding antioxidant intake.

Main Methods:

  • Indirectly measured free radicals via lipid peroxidation products (malondialdehyde, conjugated dienes, pentane).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Assessed changes in antioxidant scavengers and enzymes (glutathione, tocopherol, glutathione peroxidase).
  • Compared responses in trained individuals versus untrained individuals (e.g., "weekend athlete").

    • Main Results:

    • Physical training enhances the antioxidant system and reduces lipid peroxidation.
    • Antioxidant supplementation may decrease lipid peroxidation but has not been proven to improve exercise performance.
    • Untrained individuals, like "weekend athletes," may have a less robust antioxidant defense, increasing susceptibility to oxidative stress.

    Conclusions:

    • Regular physical training strengthens the antioxidant defense system against exercise-induced oxidative stress.
    • The efficacy and necessity of antioxidant supplementation for athletes remain debated.
    • Incorporating antioxidant-rich foods into the diet is advisable for all individuals who exercise regularly or occasionally.