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[Acute poisoning in childhood]

B Gossweiler1, P J Meier-Abt, P A Wyss

  • 1Schweizerisches Toxikologisches Informationszentrum Zürich.

Therapeutische Umschau. Revue Therapeutique
|September 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Accidental childhood ingestions are common, but severe outcomes are rare. Activated charcoal is effective for inhibiting absorption and enhancing clearance of many toxins, but not all.

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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Pediatric Emergency Medicine
  • Clinical Pharmacology

Context:

  • Accidental ingestions are frequent in young children (1-3 years).
  • Severe outcomes from childhood poisonings are uncommon.
  • Accurate risk assessment is crucial to avoid unnecessary treatments.

Purpose:

  • To review the efficacy of activated charcoal in managing childhood poisonings.
  • To discuss alternative treatments like whole bowel irrigation.
  • To emphasize prioritizing vital function support in severe cases.

Summary:

  • Activated charcoal (1 g/kg) is effective for initial toxin absorption inhibition.
  • Repeated doses (0.5 g/kg) enhance clearance of absorbed toxins.
  • Whole bowel irrigation is an alternative for ineffective charcoal cases; gastric lavage and emesis are reserved for specific situations.

Impact:

  • Guides appropriate therapeutic measures for accidental ingestions.
  • Reduces unnecessary and potentially harmful interventions.
  • Highlights the importance of evidence-based toxicology management in pediatrics.

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