Smashed fission yeast walls. Structural discontinuities related to wall growth

Twenty-three samples of fission yeast cells (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) were smashed by shaking them with glass beads. The samples represented all phases of the culture cycle, with the lag and log phases emphasized. Ruptured walls of the smashed cells were observed by phase-contrast and electron microscopy. Ruptures were tabulated with respect to their magnitudes and locations. Ruptures occurred not at random, nor at sites directed by geometry, but predominated in certain definable wall regions. These discontinuities were correlated with morphogenetic activities of the cell. Thus, the extensile end was found to be most fragile through most of the culture cycle. Also fragile was the nonextensile end, its edge more than its middle. Further, the data were applied to the testing of predictions from extant models (Johnson endohydrolytic softening model and Wessels presoftened-posthardened and crosslinking model) for hyphal tip extension. The frequency of rupture at the extensile (old) end of the cell was qualitatively predicted by both models; the frequency at the nonextensile (new) end was not predictable by either. Rupture frequencies and characteristics at other regions conformed to predictions by one or the other model, but rarely by both.