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An EMG-controlled grasping system for tetraplegics

S Saxena1, S Nikolić, D Popović

  • 1Miami Project, University of Miami School of Medicine, FL 33136, USA.

Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development
|February 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

This study developed a functional electrical stimulation (FES) system to improve grasp in tetraplegics. The portable device uses wrist extensor signals to activate finger flexors, enhancing grip strength with a short training period.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Rehabilitation Technology
  • Neuroprosthetics

Background:

  • Tetraplegia often results in impaired hand grasp function.
  • Restoring grasping ability is crucial for independence in individuals with tetraplegia.
  • Existing assistive technologies have limitations in providing naturalistic grasp control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a portable, two-channel functional electrical stimulation (FES) system.
  • To enhance grasping capabilities in individuals with tetraplegia using surface electrodes.
  • To establish a reliable control mechanism for FES-assisted grasping.

Main Methods:

  • A portable, battery-operated FES system with surface electrodes was designed.
  • The system utilizes electromyographic (EMG) signals from wrist extensors to control forearm finger and thumb flexor stimulation.

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  • Testing involved individuals with tetraplegia meeting specific inclusion criteria (e.g., preserved wrist extension, innervated finger flexors).

    • Main Results:

    • The FES system demonstrated an increase in grasp strength.
    • No adverse side effects or operational problems were observed during testing.
    • A short training period was sufficient for users to operate the device.
    • The system exhibited good operational reliability.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed FES system is a viable tool for improving grasp in eligible individuals with tetraplegia.
    • System design facilitates potential integration with computerized devices.
    • Factors such as muscle atrophy and joint contractures can limit system efficacy in some individuals.