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Developing glucose sensors for in vivo use

J Pickup1

  • 1Division of Chemical Pathology, United Medical and Dental Schools, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.

Trends in Biotechnology
|July 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Implantable glucose sensors offer potential for diabetes management, but calibration and drift issues limit clinical use. Non-invasive near-infrared spectroscopy presents a promising alternative for continuous glucose monitoring.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Devices
  • Diabetes Technology

Background:

  • In vivo glucose sensors are crucial for diabetes mellitus management.
  • Potential applications include low blood-glucose alarms, continuous glucose monitoring, and artificial pancreas systems.
  • Current technologies primarily involve implanted amperometric enzyme electrodes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the potential uses and challenges of in vivo glucose sensors.
  • To highlight emerging sensor technologies and alternative non-invasive strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on implantable glucose sensors.
  • Discussion of sensor technologies, including amperometric enzyme electrodes and field-effect transistors (FETs).
  • Exploration of non-invasive glucose sensing techniques like near-infrared spectroscopy.

Main Results:

  • Subcutaneous glucose sensor readings correlate with plasma-glucose levels.
  • Significant challenges with calibration and sensor drift hinder routine clinical adoption.
  • Field-effect transistor (FET) sensors show future promise.
  • Non-invasive near-infrared spectroscopy is under active investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Implantable glucose sensors are not yet in routine clinical use due to technical limitations.
  • Further development is needed to overcome calibration and drift issues for implantable sensors.
  • Non-invasive glucose sensing offers a viable alternative for future diabetes monitoring.

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