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Pulmonary embolism: current therapeutic concepts

D A Tibbutt, C N Chesterman

    Drugs
    |January 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Pulmonary thromboembolism, a common cause of death, is often preventable and treatable. Early diagnosis and management, including anticoagulation and supportive care, improve patient outcomes.

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    Prospective randomised open-label comparison of danaparoid with dextran 70 in the treatment of heparin-induced thrombocytopaenia with thrombosis: a clinical outcome study.

    Thrombosis and haemostasis·2002

    Area of Science:

    • Cardiology
    • Pulmonary Medicine
    • Vascular Medicine

    Background:

    • Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) is a significant cause of mortality across various medical and surgical conditions.
    • Virchow's triad remains central to understanding PTE etiology, with numerous epidemiological associations identified.
    • Understanding PTE's natural progression is crucial for effective management strategies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the current understanding of pulmonary embolism (PE) etiology, diagnosis, and management.
    • To highlight the importance of prophylaxis and therapeutic interventions for PE.
    • To discuss diagnostic modalities and treatment options for PE.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on pulmonary thromboembolism.

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  • Analysis of epidemiological data and etiological factors.
  • Evaluation of diagnostic techniques including radio-isotope scanning and angiography.
  • Assessment of prophylactic measures such as mechanical methods and anticoagulation.
  • Discussion of therapeutic approaches including heparin, thrombolytic therapy, and pulmonary embolectomy.

    • Main Results:

    • At least two-thirds of pulmonary emboli are non-fatal, with efficient natural resolution in patients without cardiopulmonary disease.
    • Pulmonary radio-isotope scanning and angiography are valuable diagnostic tools.
    • Prophylaxis, particularly mechanical methods and anticoagulation (including low-dose heparin), is effective.
    • Heparin is the mainstay treatment for less severe cases, while thrombolytic therapy offers rapid clot dissolution without proven mortality benefit.
    • Pulmonary embolectomy is an option for patients unresponsive to acute measures.

    Conclusions:

    • Pulmonary embolism is a prevalent condition requiring effective diagnostic and management strategies.
    • Prophylaxis and timely treatment, including anticoagulation, are key to improving outcomes.
    • While diagnostic tools have improved, challenges remain in early identification and treatment efficacy.