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Cognitive processes and cerebral cortical fundi

H J Markowitsch1, E Tulving

  • 1University of Bielfeld, Germany.

Neuroreport
|February 15, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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Human brain evolution increased cortical folding, burying 60% of the cortex. Studies suggest these buried sulcal and fundal regions are crucial for higher cognitive processing.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Human Evolution

Background:

  • Human brain evolution led to significant cortical folding, with most of the cerebral cortex located within sulci.
  • Cortical regions within sulci, particularly fundal zones, exhibit distinct anatomical and histological features.
  • Previous research hinted at special functional roles for fundal zones, but empirical evidence was limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential special physiological function of cortical sulcal and fundal regions.
  • To evaluate findings from positron emission tomography (PET) studies regarding neuronal activity in fundal zones.
  • To propose a hypothesis on the role of these regions in higher cognitive processing.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing positron emission tomography (PET) studies.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of neuronal activity peaks in relation to fundal zones.
  • Correlation of fundal activity fraction with task cognitive complexity.
  • Consideration of anatomical and histological evidence.

    • Main Results:

    • Positron emission tomography studies frequently show peaks of neuronal activity changes in and near fundal zones.
    • The partial volume effect and cerebral blood vessel courses were considered but not accepted as explanations for these findings.
    • A correlation was observed between the proportion of activity peaks in fundal regions and the cognitive complexity of tasks.

    Conclusions:

    • Cortical sulcal and fundal regions are proposed to play a distinctive role in higher cognitive processing.
    • The observed correlation supports a functional specialization of these buried cortical areas.
    • Further research is warranted to elucidate the specific contributions of fundal zones to cognition.