Self-injury and self-mutilation. Nursing approaches

Area of Science:

• Psychiatry
• Clinical Psychology
• Neuroscience

Background:

• Self-injury and self-mutilation behaviors are frequently linked to a spectrum of organic conditions.
• These conditions include intellectual disability, encephalitis, Lesch-Nyhan disease, de Lange syndrome, Tourette's syndrome, acute intoxication, and Addison's disease.
• Behavioral and personality disorders also commonly co-occur with self-injurious behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the multifaceted origins of self-injury/self-mutilation behaviors.
• To identify the underlying psychological drivers for engaging in self-harm.
• To outline effective therapeutic strategies for individuals exhibiting these behaviors.

Main Methods:

• Review of associated organic conditions and psychological factors contributing to self-injury.
• Analysis of the functional aspects of self-harm, including tension reduction and emotional expression.
• Examination of treatment modalities focusing on behavioral and psychological interventions.

Main Results:

• Self-injury serves various functions, such as tension reduction, emotional communication, and reenactment of trauma.
• Individuals may engage in self-harm to gain a sense of control over distressing experiences.
• A range of organic and psychological disorders are associated with self-injurious actions.

Conclusions:

• Treatment must address the communication deficits and low self-esteem often underlying self-injury.
• Identifying and leveraging social support networks is crucial for recovery.
• Modifying environmental reinforcements, both positive and negative, is essential for behavior change.