Four-helix bundle growth factors and their receptors: protein-protein interactions

Many growth factors and cytokines promote receptor clustering on binding. At least three different protein-protein interaction sites are involved: cytokine-receptor I, cytokine-receptor II and receptor I-receptor II. Although structural data on these complexes are limited, recent structural and mutagenesis studies of the four-helix bundle class of cytokines are clarifying the nature of the complexes formed.