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Early psychosocial risks for adolescent suicidal ideation and attempts
H Z Reinherz1, R M Giaconia, A B Silverman
1Simmons College School of Social Work, Boston, MA 02116, USA.
Summary
Early psychiatric disorders significantly increase adolescent suicide risk. Suicidal ideation and attempts are linked to long-term deficits in behavioral and social-emotional functioning, highlighting the need for early intervention.
Area of Science:
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
- Developmental Psychology
- Public Health
Background:
- Adolescent suicidal ideation and attempts represent a significant public health concern.
- Understanding psychosocial risks and long-term outcomes of early suicidal behavior is crucial for effective intervention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine psychosocial risks for adolescent suicidal ideation and attempts.
- To investigate the link between earlier suicidal behavior and later functioning in a longitudinal community study.
Main Methods:
- A 14-year longitudinal study followed nearly 400 youths from ages 5 to 18.
- Suicidal ideation (age 15) and suicide attempts (age 18) were assessed, with risk factors measured prospectively from birth to age 15.
- Late-adolescent functioning was evaluated using self-reports and school records.
Main Results:
- Early onset of psychiatric disorders (by age 14) significantly elevated risks for suicidal ideation and attempts.
- Gender-specific risks included preschool behaviors contrary to gender norms (e.g., aggression in females, dependence in males).
- Suicidal ideation and attempts were associated with deficits in behavioral and social-emotional functioning at age 18.
Conclusions:
- Adolescent suicidal ideation serves as a marker for distress with lasting functional implications.
- Identified early gender-specific risk factors can inform prevention and early intervention strategies for suicidal behavior.