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Wildlife rabies in perspective

A I Wandeler1

  • 1Animal Diseases Research Institute, Agriculture Canada, Nepean, Ontario.

The Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research
|December 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Rabies epidemics persist independently in wildlife globally. However, rabid dogs are more common than wildlife cases in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, indicating distinct rabies virus strains and host adaptations.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Independent rabies virus epidemics are maintained by specific host populations, notably Carnivora and Chiroptera, worldwide.
  • In many regions of Africa, Asia, and Latin America, domestic dogs represent a more significant source of diagnosed rabies cases than wildlife.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distinctness of rabies virus strains circulating in different host populations.
  • To understand the host-virus co-adaptation necessary for sustained rabies virus circulation.

Main Methods:

  • Distinguishing rabies virus variants using monoclonal antibody analysis.
  • Genomic sequencing for detailed analysis of rabies virus strains.
  • Epidemiological data analysis comparing wildlife and domestic dog cases.

Main Results:

  • Rabies virus strains show distinct characteristics based on their circulating host populations.
  • Genomic and antibody analyses confirm the existence of specific rabies virus variants.
  • Domestic dogs are a predominant reservoir for rabies in certain global regions.

Conclusions:

  • Rabies virus strains are host-specific and co-evolve with their hosts.
  • Understanding these host-virus dynamics is crucial for effective rabies control strategies, particularly in regions where dogs are the primary reservoir.

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