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Calvarial bone repair with porous D,L-polylactide
B P Robinson1, J O Hollinger, E H Szachowicz
1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
Summary
Engineered porous D,L-polylactide scaffolds showed potential for bone regeneration. However, a foreign body response from giant cells may impede the delivery of bone morphogenetic protein.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Regenerative Medicine
- Orthopedic Surgery
Background:
- Bone possesses inherent regenerative capabilities.
- Recombinant technology provides access to bone-regenerating factors.
- Effective delivery systems are needed for these therapeutic factors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To engineer porous D,L-polylactide scaffolds for enhanced bone ingrowth (osteoconduction).
- To evaluate the osteoconductive potential of D,L-polylactide in a calvarial wound model.
- To assess the impact of pore size on bone regeneration within the scaffolds.
Main Methods:
- Manufactured porous D,L-polylactide disks with varying pore sizes (<100, <200, <350 microns).
- Implanted disks into rabbit calvarial defects.
- Utilized quantitative histomorphometry to analyze bone ingrowth at 1, 2, 4, and 6 months.
Main Results:
- A trend suggested increased bone ingrowth with larger pore sizes.
- Disks with pores <= 350 microns exhibited the greatest bone ingrowth.
- A significant multinucleated giant cell response was observed around all implanted scaffolds.
Conclusions:
- Porous D,L-polylactide shows promise for supporting bone regeneration.
- The observed giant cell response may inhibit osteoconduction.
- Further material refinement is necessary to mitigate the foreign body response before clinical application with bone morphogenetic protein.