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Updated: Aug 13, 2026

A Toolkit to Enable Hydrocarbon Conversion in Aqueous Environments
20:28

A Toolkit to Enable Hydrocarbon Conversion in Aqueous Environments

Published on: October 2, 2012

The novel aldehyde dehydrogenase gene, ALDH5, encodes an active aldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme

M J Stewart1, K Malek, Q Xiao

  • 1Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202-5151, USA.

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
|June 6, 1995
PubMed

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The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
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Base-Catalyzed Aldol Addition Reaction

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C–C Bond Formation: Aldol Condensation Overview

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C–C Bond Cleavage: Retro-Aldol Reaction

The reverse of the aldol addition reaction is called the retro-aldol reaction. Here, the carbon–carbon bond in the aldol product is cleaved under acidic or basic conditions to form two molecules of carbonyl compounds. The mechanism of the reaction consists of three steps.
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