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Spontaneous glomerulonephritis in swine

A Bourgault1, R Drolet

  • 1Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, PQ, Canada.

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation : Official Publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc
|January 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

This study examined 32 cases of swine glomerulonephritis, finding proliferative and exudative lesions, often with crescent formation. The exact cause of this kidney disease in pigs remains unknown.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Pathology
  • Nephrology
  • Swine Health

Background:

  • Naturally occurring glomerulonephritis in swine is uncommon.
  • Previous studies on porcine glomerulonephritis are limited.
  • Understanding the pathology is crucial for swine health management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To retrospectively investigate 32 cases of naturally occurring glomerulonephritis in swine.
  • To characterize the gross and microscopic renal and extrarenal lesions.
  • To identify potential risk factors and etiopathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 32 swine cases diagnosed with glomerulonephritis between 1973 and 1993.
  • Gross examination of renal and extrarenal lesions.
  • Histopathological evaluation of renal tissues, including light microscopy.

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  • Assessment for proteinuria and vasculitis.

    • Main Results:

    • Most affected pigs were crossbred and growing.
    • Common gross renal lesions included bilateral kidney enlargement, pallor, edema, and petechiation.
    • Histologically, a generalized proliferative glomerulonephritis was observed, frequently exudative with crescent formation.
    • Proteinuria was evident in all cases; necrotizing vasculitis was present in 7 pigs.
    • Serous effusions and gastric ulcers were common extrarenal findings.

    Conclusions:

    • Porcine glomerulonephritis is characterized by proliferative and exudative lesions with crescent formation and proteinuria.
    • Renal disease was the primary cause of death in 11 pigs.
    • The precise immune-mediated etiopathogenesis of this condition in swine remains undetermined.