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Related Experiment Videos

Seizure classification in dogs from a nonreferral-based population

M Podell1, W R Fenner, J D Powers

  • 1Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA.

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
|June 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

In dogs with seizures, nearly half had secondary epileptic seizures (SES) with an identifiable cause, while primary epileptic seizures (PES) were also common. Identifying the cause of canine seizures is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Neurology
  • Canine Epilepsy Research
  • Diagnostic Probability in Animals

Background:

  • Seizure disorders are common in dogs presenting to nonreferral practices.
  • Determining the specific cause of seizures is essential for accurate diagnosis and prognosis.
  • Previous studies have varied in their classification of seizure etiologies in dogs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the probability of identifying specific causes for seizures in previously healthy dogs.
  • To classify canine seizures into primary epileptic seizures (PES), secondary epileptic seizures (SES), and reactive epileptic seizures (RES).
  • To identify factors influencing the likelihood of specific seizure classifications.

Main Methods:

  • Fifty previously healthy dogs with new-onset seizures were evaluated.

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  • Antemortem and postmortem tests were used for diagnosis.
  • Seizures were classified based on identified causes: PES (idiopathic), SES (intracranial), and RES (metabolic/toxic).
  • Statistical analysis was performed to identify predictors for SES and RES.

    • Main Results:

    • 46% of dogs had SES (identifiable intracranial cause), 44% had PES (idiopathic), and 10% had RES (metabolic/toxic).
    • 82% of dogs experienced multiple seizures before evaluation, with 90% of these diagnosed with epilepsy.
    • Predictors for SES included age (<1 or >7 years), partial first seizure, and seizure timing (midnight-8 AM).
    • A brief interval (< or = 4 weeks) between the first and second seizure predicted RES.

    Conclusions:

    • A significant proportion of canine seizures have identifiable causes (SES), highlighting the importance of thorough diagnostic workups.
    • Specific clinical and historical factors can increase the probability of diagnosing SES or RES.
    • Generalized seizures were the most common presentation across all etiologic classifications.