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Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid receptor...
Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
Cryptococcal Meningitis01:27

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
Giardiasis01:12

Giardiasis

Giardiasis is a globally prevalent intestinal infection caused by the protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis (also known as G. lamblia or G. intestinalis). This flagellated protozoan is the most frequently identified intestinal parasite in the United States and worldwide. Transmission primarily occurs via the fecal-oral route, with infection arising from ingestion of water or food contaminated with cysts. Individuals in low-resource settings, international travelers, outdoor enthusiasts, daycare...
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Amebiasis

Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite, is responsible for intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis. Though a significant proportion of infections remain asymptomatic, approximately 50 million individuals annually are estimated to present with clinical disease, resulting in up to 100,000 deaths globally. The disease burden is disproportionately high in regions with lower socioeconomic status, such as parts of India, Africa, Mexico, and Latin America.Etiology and TransmissionThe infective...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 21, 2026

A Technique to Simultaneously Visualize Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cells and Virus-Infected Cells In situ
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A Technique to Simultaneously Visualize Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cells and Virus-Infected Cells In situ

Published on: August 13, 2009

Cytomegalovirus colitis in AIDS: CT features

J G Murray1, S J Evans, P B Jeffrey

  • 1Radiology Department, San Francisco General Hospital, CA 94110, USA.

AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology
|July 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

This study examined CT scans of 24 AIDS patients with confirmed cytomegalovirus colitis. Researchers looked for specific imaging features like colonic wall thickening and ulceration. They found that most patients had wall thickening averaging 15 mm, and many had ulceration and surrounding inflammation. The rectosigmoid colon was most often affected. The authors suggest that these CT findings may help identify CMV colitis in AIDS patients with low CD4 counts. The study highlights the importance of imaging in diagnosing this condition without relying solely on invasive procedures.

Keywords:
CMV colitis diagnosisAIDS imagingGastrointestinal CT findingsImmunocompromised patient imaging

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Published on: July 10, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Infectious disease imaging
  • Gastrointestinal pathology
  • Immunocompromised patient diagnostics

Background:

Imaging of gastrointestinal infections in immunocompromised individuals remains a clinical challenge. Prior research has shown that cytomegalovirus (CMV) can cause colitis in patients with AIDS, but the CT features of this condition are not well characterized. Established knowledge includes the role of CMV in opportunistic infections, but diagnostic imaging specifics remain unclear. This gap motivated a study to identify CT features of CMV colitis in AIDS patients. No prior work had resolved the relationship between CT findings and confirmed CMV colitis. The need for accurate imaging markers is high in this population. Current diagnostic methods rely heavily on endoscopy and biopsy. This paper's contribution is to describe CT patterns associated with CMV colitis in AIDS patients. The study addresses the lack of imaging-based diagnostic criteria for this condition.

Purpose Of The Study:

The aim of this study was to determine the CT features of cytomegalovirus colitis in patients with AIDS. Researchers sought to identify imaging markers that could aid in diagnosis without relying solely on invasive procedures. The specific problem is the diagnostic ambiguity of CMV colitis in immunocompromised patients. Motivation comes from the need for noninvasive diagnostic tools. The study focused on patients with confirmed CMV colitis through biopsy. The goal was to correlate CT findings with biopsy results. Researchers aimed to describe patterns of colonic wall thickening and ulceration. The study also sought to evaluate the distribution of disease within the colon.

Main Methods:

The study involved a retrospective review of abdominal CT scans from 24 patients with biopsy-confirmed CMV colitis. Two observers jointly analyzed the scans for specific features. The patients had a mean age of 39 years and CD4 counts below 200 mm³. The mean interval between CT and biopsy was six days. Scans were assessed for colonic wall thickening, ulceration, mural edema, and pericolonic stranding. Researchers also recorded lymphadenopathy, ascites, and small-bowel involvement. Disease location was categorized as ascending, transverse, descending, rectosigmoid, or pancolonic. Mural involvement was classified as asymmetric or circumferential.

Main Results:

Colonic wall thickening was observed in 22 of 24 patients, with a mean thickness of 15 mm. Deep mural ulceration was present in 15 patients, and mural edema in 15. Pericolonic stranding was noted in 23 patients, and ascites in 10. Lymphadenopathy was observed in four patients, and small-bowel involvement in 10. Circumferential thickening was seen in 17 patients. The rectosigmoid colon was the most commonly affected region, with 16 cases. Three patients had perforations, and one had a giant rectal ulcer. Appendicitis was observed in two patients.

Conclusions:

The authors propose that CT features of CMV colitis in AIDS patients include colonic wall thickening and ulceration. These findings may suggest CMV colitis when CD4 counts are below 200 mm³. The study suggests that circumferential thickening is a common finding. Pericolonic stranding and mural edema are frequently observed. The rectosigmoid colon is most often affected. The presence of perforation or giant ulcers may indicate severe disease. These findings may help guide noninvasive diagnosis. The authors emphasize the importance of considering CMV colitis in AIDS patients with relevant imaging features.

Colonic wall thickening (mean 15 mm) and deep mural ulceration are frequently observed features.

The rectosigmoid colon is most commonly involved, with 16 of 24 patients showing disease in this region.

Pericolonic stranding was observed in 23 of 24 patients, suggesting inflammation around the colon.

Lymphadenopathy was seen in four patients, indicating possible immune response or spread of infection.

The mean interval between CT and biopsy was six days, supporting the reliability of imaging findings.

The authors suggest that CT features may help suggest CMV colitis in AIDS patients with CD4 counts below 200 mm³.