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Patellofemoral joint compressive forces in forward and backward running
1Center for Locomotion Studies, Penn State University, University Park, USA.
Summary
Backward running significantly reduces peak patellofemoral joint compressive forces compared to forward running. This finding suggests backward running may benefit individuals with patellofemoral pain syndrome.
Area of Science:
- Biomechanics
- Sports Medicine
- Rehabilitation
Background:
- Backward running is increasingly used in rehabilitation, particularly for patellofemoral pain syndrome.
- Previous research has not quantified patellofemoral joint loads during backward running.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare patellofemoral joint compressive forces between forward and backward running.
- To investigate the biomechanical implications of backward running for knee joint health.
Main Methods:
- Collected ground reaction force and kinematic data from five male joggers during self-selected speed forward and backward running.
- Utilized a floor reaction force vector model to calculate knee extension moments and patellar mechanism angles.
- Calculated peak patellofemoral joint compressive forces and their timing within the stance phase.
Main Results:
- Backward running demonstrated significantly lower peak patellofemoral joint compressive forces (2277 N) compared to forward running (4253 N).
- Peak compressive forces occurred later in the stance phase during backward running (52%) versus forward running (35%).
- Normalized peak forces were 3.0 body weight for backward running and 5.6 body weight for forward running.
Conclusions:
- Backward running may reduce patellofemoral joint compressive forces at self-selected speeds.
- Combined with quadriceps strengthening benefits, backward running could be advantageous for rehabilitating patellofemoral pain syndrome in runners.
- Further research with constant speed protocols may offer additional insights.