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Apexin, an acrosomal pentaxin

M S Reid1, C P Blobel

  • 1Cellular Biochemistry and Biophysics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021.

The Journal of Biological Chemistry
|December 23, 1994
PubMed
Summary

We characterized guinea pig sperm acrosomal pentaxin (apexin), a novel protein localized to the sperm acrosome. Apexin, distinct from serum pentaxins, may play a role in intracellular protein sorting.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Reproductive Biology

Background:

  • Pentaxins are penta- or decameric serum proteins, including serum amyloid protein and C-reactive protein.
  • The function and localization of most pentaxins are primarily within the serum.
  • The role of pentaxins in intracellular compartments, particularly in sperm, is largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To perform the initial biochemical characterization of guinea pig sperm acrosomal pentaxin (apexin).
  • To determine the primary structure and intracellular localization of apexin.
  • To investigate potential associations of apexin with known sperm proteins like fertilin.

Main Methods:

  • Biochemical purification and characterization of apexin from guinea pig sperm.
  • Analysis of protein subunits and oligomeric structure.
  • Affinity chromatography to assess co-elution with fertilin.
  • Northern blot analysis for tissue-specific gene expression.

Main Results:

  • Apexin is an oligomeric protein composed of disulfide-linked 50-kDa subunits.
  • Apexin is localized to the acrosome of mature guinea pig sperm, representing the first reported intracellular localization for a pentaxin.
  • Apexin co-eluted with fertilin but showed no functional association.
  • Northern blot analysis confirmed apexin expression in the testis.
  • The N-terminal domain of apexin lacks homology to known proteins, while the C-terminal is related to serum pentaxins.

Conclusions:

  • Apexin is a novel acrosomal pentaxin with a unique N-terminal domain.
  • Apexin's intracellular localization suggests roles beyond those of serum pentaxins, potentially in protein sorting to the acrosome.
  • Apexin is distinct from serum amyloid protein and C-reactive protein and may have evolved specialized functions in sperm.

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