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Related Concept Videos

Protein Kinases and Phosphatases02:54

Protein Kinases and Phosphatases

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Proteins undergo chemical modifications that trigger changes in the charge, structure, and conformation of the proteins. Phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, nitrosylation, ubiquitination, lipidation, methylation, and proteolysis are various protein modifications that regulate protein activity. Such modifications are usually enzyme-driven.
Protein kinases
Many proteins in the cell are regulated by phosphorylation, the addition of a phosphate group. A family of enzymes called kinases...
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Phosphorylation01:02

Phosphorylation

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The addition or removal of phosphate groups from proteins is the most common chemical modification that regulates cellular processes. These modifications can affect the structure, activity, stability, and localization of proteins within cells as well as their interactions with other proteins.
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Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

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Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
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Roles of Electrolytes: Calcium and Phosphate01:27

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Calcium and phosphate are essential electrolytes in the human body, with calcium being the most abundant mineral. Around 99% of the body's calcium is stored in the skeleton and teeth, forming a crystal lattice of mineral salts in combination with phosphates. Calcium plays crucial roles in various bodily functions such as blood clotting, neurotransmitter release, muscle tone maintenance, and nervous and muscle tissue excitability.
The calcium concentration in blood plasma is primarily...
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The Phosphorus Cycle01:21

The Phosphorus Cycle

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Unlike carbon, water, and nitrogen, phosphorus is not present in the atmosphere as a gas. Instead, most phosphorus in the ecosystem exists as compounds, such as phosphate ions (PO43-), found in soil, water, sediment and rocks. Phosphorus is often a limiting nutrient (i.e., in short supply). Consequently, phosphorus is added to most agricultural fertilizers, which can cause environmental problems related to runoff in aquatic ecosystems.
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Colorimetric Analysis of Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in S. aureus Biofilm
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Changes in phosphatase activity in phosphorus-deficient Spirodela.

M S Reid1, R L Bieleski

  • 1Fruit Research Division, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Auckland, New Zealand.

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|February 6, 2014
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Summary

Phosphorus deficiency in Spirodela oligorrhiza dramatically increases phosphatase activity. This enzyme, crucial for nutrient uptake, is regulated by inorganic phosphate and involves multiple isozymes.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Physiology
  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Phosphorus is an essential macronutrient for plant growth.
  • Phosphorus deficiency triggers adaptive responses in plants, including changes in enzyme activity.
  • Spirodela oligorrhiza is a model aquatic plant for physiological studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the changes in phosphatase activity during phosphorus deficiency in Spirodela oligorrhiza.
  • To characterize the properties of the induced phosphatase enzyme.
  • To explore the role of specific compounds in regulating this response.

Main Methods:

  • Extraction and assay of phosphatase activity in cell-free extracts.
  • Characterization of enzyme properties (inhibition, repression by inorganic phosphate).
  • Isozyme separation and analysis (molecular weight determination).
  • Treatment with 2-thiouracil during phosphorus deficiency.

Main Results:

  • A 50-fold increase in phosphatase activity was observed upon onset of phosphorus deficiency.
  • The enzyme exhibited characteristics of plant acid phosphatase, inhibited and repressed by inorganic phosphate.
  • At least three isozymes were identified: two low molecular weight isozymes unique to P-deficient plants, and one high molecular weight isozyme present in both deficient and normal plants.
  • 2-thiouracil partially inhibited the increase in phosphatase activity.

Conclusions:

  • Increased phosphatase activity is a key response to phosphorus deficiency in Spirodela oligorrhiza, likely aiding in phosphorus acquisition.
  • The regulation of phosphatase activity involves both inhibition/repression by inorganic phosphate and the differential expression of isozymes.
  • 2-thiouracil may play a role in modulating the plant's response to nutrient stress.