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Tick salivary gland physiology

J R Sauer¹, J L McSwain, A S Bowman

¹Department of Entomology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078.

Annual Review of Entomology

|January 1, 1995

Summary

Tick salivary glands are vital for pathogen transmission and bloodmeal concentration. Their complex secretions aid in host attachment, immune evasion, and water absorption, showcasing unique parasitic adaptations.

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Area of Science:

Parasitology
Tick biology
Physiology

Background:

Tick salivary glands are crucial for survival and pathogen transmission.
Dopamine is a neurotransmitter regulating fluid secretion in tick salivary glands.
Salivary fluid secretion increases during feeding, aiding bloodmeal concentration.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the multifaceted roles of tick salivary glands.
To highlight the physiological adaptations of tick salivary glands for parasitism.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on tick salivary gland physiology and function.
Analysis of the biochemical and pharmacological properties of tick saliva.

Main Results:

Tick saliva contains cement, enzymes, inhibitors, prostaglandins, and immunomodulatory factors.
Salivary glands facilitate water absorption from the air, enabling off-host survival.
Neurotransmission, including dopamine, controls salivary fluid secretion.

Conclusions:

Tick salivary glands are complex organs with diverse functions essential for parasitic success.
The physiology of tick salivary glands exemplifies evolutionary strategies for a unique parasitic lifestyle.

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