Root length, crown height, and root morphology in Turner syndrome

Area of Science:

• Dentistry
• Genetics
• Human Anatomy

Background:

• Turner syndrome is a chromosomal condition affecting females.
• Dental development can be influenced by genetic factors.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the effects of Turner syndrome on tooth root length, crown height, and root morphology.
• To compare dental characteristics between Turner syndrome patients and a control group.

Main Methods:

• Radiographic analysis (intraoral and panoramic) of 33 Turner syndrome patients and 33 controls.
• Subdivision of patients based on karyotype (45X, isochromosome, mosaic).
• Establishment of a classification system for complex root morphology.

Main Results:

• Significantly reduced root length and crown height observed in incisors, canines, and premolars of Turner syndrome patients.
• Altered crown-root proportions noted in some teeth.
• Increased prevalence of multi-rooted variants (two- and three-rooted) in maxillary first premolars.
• Complex root morphology in mandibular premolars and molars, with specific classifications identified.
• Increased number of root components in premolars.
• Identification of specific variants like molar-like second premolars and radix entomolaris in molars.

Conclusions:

• X-chromosome deficiency in Turner syndrome significantly impacts tooth root formation and morphology.
• Dental anomalies, including root variations, are characteristic findings in Turner syndrome.
• Radiographic assessment is crucial for identifying and classifying these dental variations.