Temporary closure of open abdominal wounds: the vacuum pack

Temporary closure of abdominal surgical wounds is occasionally required when conditions of the abdominal wall or peritoneal cavity prevent closure or when early re-exploration is planned. The optimal temporary closure should contain and protect the contents of the peritoneal cavity from external contamination and injury; preserve the integrity of the abdominal wall; be simple to perform and maintain; provide ease of reentry; and have minimal adverse physiologic effects. Based on these criteria, a method of temporary abdominal wound closure (termed the vacuum pack) has been designed and evaluated. The operative technique includes 1) placement of a fenestrated polyethylene sheet between the abdominal viscera and anterior parietal peritoneum; 2) placement of a moist, sterile laparotomy towel over the polyethylene sheet; 3) placement of two closed suction drains over the towel; 4) placement of an adhesive backed drape over the entire wound, including a wide margin of surrounding skin; and 5) suction applied to the drains, creating a vacuum and rigid compression of the layers of closure material. This creates a tight, external seal of the adhesive backed drape and facilitates drainage of the peritoneal cavity. From April 1992-December 1993, this temporary abdominal wound closure was performed 56 times in 28 patients, ages 6-78 years, for periods of 1-11 days. The procedure was used in 17 trauma patients and 11 non-trauma patients. Indications for use included increased intra-abdominal pressure in nine, mandatory re-exploration in 10, and a combination of these indications in nine patients. Pre- and postprocedural airway and systemic blood pressures were unaffected by this closure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)