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Related Experiment Videos

Predicting astronaut effectiveness: a multivariate approach

T J McFadden1, R L Helmreich, R M Rose

  • 1NASA/UT/FAA Aerospace Crew Research Project, University of Texas at Austin 78701-1022.

Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine
|October 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
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Astronaut peer ratings revealed two key performance areas: job competence and group living. Personality traits significantly impacted group living, but not job competence, for space missions.

Area of Science:

  • Space exploration psychology
  • Astronaut performance assessment

Background:

  • Validating psychological criteria is crucial for selecting astronauts for long-duration space missions.
  • Astronaut selection currently emphasizes past attainment over interpersonal skills.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To validate psychological "select-in" criteria for long-duration space missions.
  • To identify key performance dimensions in astronaut effectiveness.

Main Methods:

  • Astronaut volunteers rated their peers using a nomination format.
  • Factor analysis was employed to identify latent performance dimensions.

Main Results:

  • Two performance dimensions emerged: job competence and group living.
  • Personality variables significantly predicted group living performance.

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  • Personality variables did not significantly predict job competence.

    • Conclusions:

    • Astronauts are well-screened for job competence but less so for teamwork and interpersonal skills.
    • Psychological criteria need to better address interpersonal dynamics for mission success.