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Human microsporidial infections

R Weber1, R T Bryan, D A Schwartz

  • 1Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.

Clinical Microbiology Reviews
|October 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
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Microsporidia are protozoal parasites affecting many hosts, including humans, especially the immunocompromised. Diagnosis relies on microscopy and immunofluorescence, with limited treatment options like albendazole showing promise.

Area of Science:

  • Parasitology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Microsporidia are obligate intracellular protozoal parasites with a broad host range.
  • Over 100 genera and 1,000 species identified, with five genera linked to human disease.
  • Microsporidiosis primarily affects immunocompromised individuals, presenting diverse clinical manifestations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of microsporidia, their impact on human health, diagnosis, and treatment.
  • To highlight the prevalence and clinical significance of microsporidiosis in different patient populations.
  • To discuss advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for microsporidial infections.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on microsporidia and microsporidiosis.

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  • Analysis of diagnostic techniques including light microscopy, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy.
  • Evaluation of current and potential treatment options, including albendazole.

    • Main Results:

    • Microsporidiosis manifests in various organs, with Enterocytozoon bieneusi being a common cause of chronic diarrhea in HIV-infected patients.
    • Diagnosis is primarily morphological, with light microscopy for initial detection and immunofluorescence/electron microscopy for species identification.
    • Albendazole shows efficacy for Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Septata intestinalis, and Encephalitozoon infections, though treatment options remain limited.

    Conclusions:

    • Microsporidiosis is a significant opportunistic infection, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.
    • Advancements in diagnostic tools and in vitro propagation are crucial for developing effective antimicrosporidial therapies.
    • Further research into molecular techniques and drug development is needed to combat microsporidial infections effectively.