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Virulence of enterococci

B D Jett1, M M Huycke, M S Gilmore

  • 1Division of Laboratory Medicine, Washington University Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63110.

Clinical Microbiology Reviews
|October 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Enterococci, common gut bacteria, are emerging as significant nosocomial pathogens due to their ability to acquire virulence and resistance genes. This review explores their mechanisms of pathogenesis, including adherence, invasion, and toxin production.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Pathogenesis
  • Bacterial Virulence

Background:

  • Enterococci are commensal bacteria found in the intestinal and vaginal tracts and oral cavity.
  • They possess traits enabling them to cause disease, particularly in healthcare settings.

Observation:

  • Enterococci readily acquire and share genetic elements encoding virulence factors and antibiotic resistance.
  • This adaptability aids survival in stressful environments and contributes to their role as nosocomial pathogens.

Findings:

  • Virulence mechanisms include adherence to host tissues via aggregation substance, surface carbohydrates, or fibronectin-binding moieties.
  • Enterococcus faecalis can translocate across the intestinal mucosa.
  • Extracellular toxins like cytolysin cause tissue damage and systemic toxicity.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Lipoteichoic acid, superoxide, and pheromones modulate host inflammatory responses.

    • Implications:

    • Understanding enterococcal virulence is crucial for developing effective treatments against these opportunistic pathogens.
    • Targeting adherence, invasion, and toxin production could mitigate enterococcal infections.
    • Further research into host-pathogen interactions will inform strategies against nosocomial infections.