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Hiccups

P Rousseau1

  • 1Department of Geriatrics, VA Medical Center, Phoenix, Ariz.

Southern Medical Journal
|February 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hiccups, or involuntary spasms of the diaphragm, can be a bothersome symptom with various causes. This review offers a practical management approach for protracted hiccups when the cause is unknown.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Hiccups (singultus) are involuntary diaphragmatic contractions with no known physiological purpose.
  • While often self-limiting, persistent or intractable hiccups can significantly impact quality of life and indicate underlying pathology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a practical, evidence-based approach to the assessment and management of hiccups.
  • To guide clinicians in diagnosing and treating both common and complex cases of hiccups.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of hiccups.
  • Focus on a systematic approach combining history, physical examination, and targeted investigations.
  • Discussion of both non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic therapeutic options.

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Main Results:

  • Hiccups stem from diverse causes, ranging from simple gastric irritation to serious neurological or metabolic disorders.
  • Initial assessment should focus on identifying and treating any correctable underlying conditions.
  • When the etiology is unclear, a stepwise therapeutic strategy involving various interventions is recommended.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of hiccups requires a thorough diagnostic evaluation to identify potential underlying causes.
  • Treatment strategies should be tailored to the individual patient, addressing the cause when possible or managing symptoms when the cause is elusive.
  • This review offers a valuable resource for clinicians managing patients with this common yet potentially debilitating symptom.