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Loperamide intoxication in a seven-week-old pup

E C Staley1, E E Staley

  • 1Veterinary Medical Clinic, Alamogordo, NM 88310.

Veterinary and Human Toxicology
|October 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
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A young puppy experienced central nervous system signs after receiving loperamide. Prompt treatment with activated charcoal and naloxone led to significant improvement, highlighting effective overdose management in canine patients.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Neurology
  • Toxicology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Loperamide, an opioid-receptor agonist, is commonly used for diarrhea but can cause toxicity in dogs.
  • Accidental loperamide overdose in young animals can lead to severe central nervous system (CNS) depression and other adverse effects.

Observation:

  • A 7-week-old Samoyed-cross puppy presented with acute CNS signs including circling, vocalization, head pressing, and unreactive pupils.
  • These signs appeared approximately 18 hours after the second dose of a two-dose loperamide regimen.
  • No history of trauma was reported, suggesting a toxicological origin for the clinical signs.

Findings:

  • Administration of activated charcoal and naloxone resulted in rapid clinical improvement.
  • Naloxone, an opioid antagonist, was administered repeatedly at 2-hour intervals over 12 hours to manage the opioid toxicity.

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  • The puppy was stable for discharge to home care approximately 20 hours after initial presentation.

    • Implications:

    • This case highlights the potential for loperamide toxicity in young dogs, even after standard dosing protocols.
    • Early recognition and intervention with activated charcoal and opioid antagonists like naloxone are crucial for successful management.
    • Veterinarians should be aware of the risks associated with loperamide administration in puppies and consider alternative treatments if toxicity is suspected.