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Loperamide intoxication in a seven-week-old pup

E C Staley1, E E Staley

  • 1Veterinary Medical Clinic, Alamogordo, NM 88310.

Veterinary and Human Toxicology
|October 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

A young puppy experienced central nervous system signs after receiving loperamide. Prompt treatment with activated charcoal and naloxone led to significant improvement, highlighting effective overdose management in canine patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Neurology
  • Toxicology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Loperamide, an opioid-receptor agonist, is commonly used for diarrhea but can cause toxicity in dogs.
  • Accidental loperamide overdose in young animals can lead to severe central nervous system (CNS) depression and other adverse effects.

Observation:

  • A 7-week-old Samoyed-cross puppy presented with acute CNS signs including circling, vocalization, head pressing, and unreactive pupils.
  • These signs appeared approximately 18 hours after the second dose of a two-dose loperamide regimen.
  • No history of trauma was reported, suggesting a toxicological origin for the clinical signs.

Findings:

  • Administration of activated charcoal and naloxone resulted in rapid clinical improvement.
  • Naloxone, an opioid antagonist, was administered repeatedly at 2-hour intervals over 12 hours to manage the opioid toxicity.
  • The puppy was stable for discharge to home care approximately 20 hours after initial presentation.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the potential for loperamide toxicity in young dogs, even after standard dosing protocols.
  • Early recognition and intervention with activated charcoal and opioid antagonists like naloxone are crucial for successful management.
  • Veterinarians should be aware of the risks associated with loperamide administration in puppies and consider alternative treatments if toxicity is suspected.

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