Development of exclusivity in perceptually based categories of young infants

The exclusivity of perceptually defined categorical representations for natural animal categories in young infants was investigated. Previously, as well as in Experiment 1, evidence was obtained for a categorical representation for cats in 3- and 4-month-old infants that excluded dogs but included perceptually similar female lions after a number of different familiarization procedures. However, in Experiment 2 both dogs and female lions were found to be excluded when the initial familiarization with cats alone was followed by six pairings of familiar cats and novel lions intermingled with two added pairings of familiar cats. The present results indicate that a categorical representation can attain a high level of exclusivity during early infancy as a consequence of experience with exemplars of the contrasting categories that accents the perceptual similarities among members of a category and the perceptual differences among exemplars from different categories.