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Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer's disease

R Katzman1

  • 1Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0949.

Current Opinion in Neurobiology
|October 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

The apolipoprotein E (APOE) epsilon 4 allele is a significant risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and may impact life expectancy. This genetic variant is found in over half of Alzheimer's patients, irrespective of family history.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • The epsilon 4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene is increasingly recognized as a major risk factor for Alzheimer's disease.
  • This allele has also been observed to correlate with reduced life expectancy.
  • Its prevalence in Alzheimer's patients exceeds 50%, independent of a family history of dementia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current understanding of the apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele's role in Alzheimer's disease.
  • To explore potential mechanisms by which this allele exerts its effects.
  • To highlight the allele's association with both disease risk and longevity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature and studies confirming the association between APOE epsilon 4 and Alzheimer's disease.
  • Analysis of data regarding the allele's correlation with life expectancy.
  • Examination of emerging evidence on the molecular mechanisms of APOE4 action.

Main Results:

  • Widespread confirmation of APOE epsilon 4 as a primary risk factor for Alzheimer's disease.
  • Evidence suggests a correlation between the epsilon 4 allele and decreased life expectancy.
  • APOE epsilon 4 is present in over 50% of Alzheimer's patients, regardless of familial history.

Conclusions:

  • The APOE epsilon 4 allele is a critical genetic determinant in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms of APOE4's influence on amyloid formation and neuronal transport.
  • Understanding the role of APOE epsilon 4 is vital for assessing Alzheimer's risk and potential impacts on lifespan.

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