Traction basics: Part IV. Traction for lower extremities

Traction is a treatment modality used for the reduction or immobilization of fractures or dislocations. It is used to maintain alignment; decrease muscle spasms, relieve pain; correct, lessen, or prevent deformities, expand joint spaces before surgery; promote rest to diseased or injured body parts; and promote exercise. Nurses need a working knowledge of the various types of traction along with its rationale, correct setup, and maintenance. They must become familiar with potential complications and use nursing diagnoses to work with patients to strive to achieve expected patient outcomes.