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Vasoactive intestinal peptide modulation of adherence and mobility in rat peritoneal lymphocytes and macrophages
M de la Fuente1, M Delgado, M del Rio
1Departamento de Fisiología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.
Abstract:
In this work, the effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in a concentration range from 10(-13) to 10(-7) M were studied in vitro on two common activities of peritoneal rat lymphocytes and macrophages: adherence and mobility (spontaneous and chemotaxis). The results show that VIP stimulated the adherence of the two cells studied, and increased the macrophage mobility but decreased this activity in lymphocytes. Moreover, a specific protein kinase C (PKC) activator such as phorbol myristate acetate (PMA, 50 ng/ml) also stimulated significantly the adherence and chemotaxis of both macrophages and lymphocytes. By contrast, a PKC inhibitor, retinal (2 x 10(-5) M), decreased significantly these capacities. Macrophages incubated with both VIP and PMA in relation to those incubated with VIP or PMA showed an increase in adherence and chemotaxis, whereas in lymphocytes adherence was also increased but chemotaxis decreased. The incubation with forskolin (10(-5) M), an enhancer of intracellular cAMP levels, produced an inhibitory effect of the chemotaxis activity in both types of cells. VIP prevented this inhibitory effect of forskolin in macrophages but not in lymphocytes. In addition, VIP was chemoattractant for macrophages but not for lymphocytes. The present study proves that VIP proves that VIP has a coronary effect on the two principal and representative types of immune cells in the rat peritoneum: lymphocytes and macrophages, stimulating macrophage chemotaxis through PKC activation and inhibiting lymphocyte chemotaxis through adenylate cyclase activation.
Insights
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) influences immune cell behavior. VIP enhances macrophage adherence and chemotaxis via protein kinase C (PKC) activation, while inhibiting lymphocyte chemotaxis through adenylate cyclase.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Cell Biology
- Neuroendocrinology
Background:
- Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a neuropeptide with known immunomodulatory functions.
- Lymphocytes and macrophages are key immune cells involved in peritoneal responses.
- Understanding VIP's role in immune cell activity is crucial for immune system research.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the in vitro effects of VIP on rat peritoneal lymphocytes and macrophages.
- To elucidate the mechanisms underlying VIP's influence on cell adherence and mobility.
- To determine the involvement of protein kinase C (PKC) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) pathways.
Main Methods:
- In vitro study of rat peritoneal lymphocytes and macrophages exposed to varying VIP concentrations (10(-13) to 10(-7) M).
- Assessment of cell adherence, spontaneous mobility, and chemotaxis.
- Utilized PKC activator (phorbol myristate acetate) and inhibitor (retinal), and cAMP enhancer (forskolin).
Main Results:
- VIP significantly stimulated adherence in both lymphocytes and macrophages.
- VIP increased macrophage mobility and chemotaxis but decreased lymphocyte mobility.
- PKC activation enhanced adherence and chemotaxis; PKC inhibition reduced these functions.
- VIP modulated forskolin's inhibitory effect on chemotaxis differently in macrophages and lymphocytes.
- VIP acted as a chemoattractant for macrophages but not lymphocytes.
Conclusions:
- VIP exerts differential effects on rat peritoneal lymphocytes and macrophages.
- Macrophage chemotaxis is stimulated by VIP through PKC activation.
- Lymphocyte chemotaxis is inhibited by VIP via adenylate cyclase activation.
- VIP plays a complex role in regulating peritoneal immune cell functions.
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