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Developments in mucosal influenza virus vaccines

H Kuno-Sakai1, M Kimura, K Ohta

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan.

Vaccine
|November 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Mucosally administered inactivated influenza virus vaccines show superior immunogenicity and efficacy compared to live influenza vaccines. These inactivated vaccines provide a stronger immune response and booster effect, effectively preventing infection.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Influenza virus poses a significant global health burden, necessitating effective vaccination strategies.
  • Current influenza vaccines include parenteral inactivated vaccines and live attenuated vaccines, each with limitations.
  • Aerosol delivery offers a potential route for mucosal vaccination, aiming for enhanced local and systemic immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the immunogenicity and efficacy of aerosol-inactivated split influenza virus vaccines.
  • To compare these responses with those induced by cold-adapted reassortant live influenza virus vaccines.
  • To assess the potential of mucosal inactivated influenza vaccines for infection prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Aerosol inactivated split influenza virus vaccines (threefold parenteral strength) and live influenza virus vaccines were administered.

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  • Mucosal immune response assessed via specific IgA antibody levels in nasal swabs.
  • Systemic immune response measured by serum haemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibody titers.
  • Vaccine efficacy determined through challenge tests using live influenza virus.

    • Main Results:

    • Mucosal administration of inactivated influenza virus vaccine elicited stronger systemic and mucosal immune responses than live influenza virus vaccine.
    • The inactivated vaccine demonstrated a significantly greater booster effect compared to the live vaccine.
    • Efficacy studies confirmed that mucosal inactivated influenza virus vaccine effectively prevented infection by live vaccine virus.

    Conclusions:

    • Mucosally administered inactivated influenza virus vaccines are highly immunogenic and efficacious.
    • This vaccination strategy offers advantages over live influenza vaccines, including enhanced immune stimulation and booster response.
    • Aerosol delivery of inactivated influenza vaccines represents a promising approach for influenza prevention.