Surgical treatment of acute type A aortic dissection with an intraluminal sutureless graft

The surgical treatment of acute type A aortic dissection remains a great challenge to all cardiac surgeons. From January 1991 to June 1993, 21 consecutive patients (13 men and eight women, aged 34 to 74 years) underwent emergency operations to repair acute type A aortic dissection, with the aid of hypothermic circulatory arrest. The intima tear was located in the ascending aorta in 13 patients, in the aortic arch in five patients, and in the descending aorta in three patients. The dissected ascending aorta was replaced with sutureless, intraluminal vascular grafts in all 21 patients. The intima tears in the aortic arch of five patients were primarily repaired. Modified Cabrol's shunts were created in seven patients for hemostasis, and Dacron grafts were used to wrap the ascending aorta in 18 patients. Retrograde cerebral perfusion during circulatory arrest was performed on 15 patients. The circulatory arrest time was 37 +/- 10 minutes (mean +/- SD). All patients survived the operation and regained consciousness in the early postoperative period without neurologic deficit. Post-treatment follow-ups (mean, 18.2 months) were completed in all patients except one, who died 12 months after the operation as a result of a traffic accident. All of the surviving patients are doing well without any further aortic operations. Our experience suggests that surgical repair of the acute type A aortic dissection can be a simple and safe procedure if sutureless intraluminal grafts are used and hypothermic circulatory arrest and retrograde cerebral perfusion are utilized.