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Sedative, memory, and performance effects of hypnotics

T Roehrs1, L Merlotti, F Zorick

  • 1Henry Ford Hospital, Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Detroit, MI 48202.

Psychopharmacology
|October 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Both triazolam and zolpidem, common hypnotics, impaired memory and performance. Higher doses of zolpidem caused the most significant cognitive disruption, with no observed receptor selectivity in effects.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Neuroscience
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Benzodiazepine (Bz) receptor agonists are widely prescribed hypnotics.
  • Understanding the comparative effects of selective and non-selective agents is crucial for clinical practice.
  • Previous research indicates potential for cognitive impairment with hypnotic use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the sedative, amnestic, and performance-disruptive effects of benzodiazepine receptor selective and non-selective hypnotics.
  • To evaluate the dose-dependent effects of triazolam and zolpidem on cognitive functions.
  • To determine if receptor selectivity influences the observed pharmacodynamic effects.

Main Methods:

  • A double-blind, repeated measures design was employed with 23 healthy subjects.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Participants received triazolam (0.25, 0.50 mg), zolpidem (10, 20 mg), or placebo at bedtime.
  • Cognitive performance, including memory, vigilance, and psychomotor tasks, was assessed 90 minutes after drug administration and the following morning.

    • Main Results:

    • All tested doses of triazolam and zolpidem significantly impaired immediate recall, delayed recall, vigilance, and psychomotor performance compared to placebo.
    • Cognitive impairment was dose-dependent, with zolpidem 20 mg causing the greatest impairment, followed by triazolam 0.50 mg, zolpidem 10 mg, and triazolam 0.25 mg.
    • Anterograde amnesia was evident, with all active drug conditions impairing next morning delayed recall.

    Conclusions:

    • The amnestic and performance-disruptive effects of these hypnotics are significant and dose-dependent.
    • No evidence of differential effects based on benzodiazepine receptor selectivity was observed.
    • The findings suggest that both triazolam and zolpidem can cause substantial cognitive impairment, necessitating careful consideration in prescribing hypnotic medications.