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Snake venom poisoning: experience with 633 cases

M L Kulkarni1, S Anees

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, J.J.M. Medical College, Karnataka.

Indian Pediatrics
|October 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Snakebite poisoning is a significant health issue, particularly in rural areas. Prompt medical care and public health education are crucial for reducing snakebite mortality and morbidity.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Science
  • Epidemiology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Snake venom poisoning presents unique epidemiological patterns influenced by geographic region.
  • It remains a common medical emergency requiring specific regional understanding and management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prospectively analyze the epidemiology, treatment, and outcomes of snake venom poisoning in children and adolescents in central Karnataka.
  • To identify common snake species, bite circumstances, clinical manifestations, and treatment responses.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective study was conducted on 633 snakebite cases aged up to 18 years over an 8-year period (1985-1992).
  • Data collected included snake type, bite circumstances, clinical consequences, and treatment outcomes, with a focus on coagulation, bleeding, and neurological status.

Main Results:

  • Viper bites were most frequent, predominantly affecting males in rural areas, with peak incidence in the 11-15 age group and specific seasonal patterns.
  • Coagulopathy (58.6%) and hemorrhagic syndrome (55.9%) were common, while neurological involvement occurred in 12.5% of cases. Polyvalent anti-snake venom (ASV) was administered to 90% of patients.
  • The overall mortality rate was 5.2%, with hypersensitivity to ASV noted in 8 cases.

Conclusions:

  • Snakebite management in central Karnataka requires addressing the high prevalence of viper envenomation and associated coagulopathies.
  • Improving health education and ensuring accessible, effective medical care, including timely ASV administration, are vital for reducing snakebite-related morbidity and mortality.

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