Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: assessment, diagnosis, and management

Children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) frequently present to family physicians for evaluation and treatment. Recently, revised criteria for diagnosis of this condition were presented in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is often difficult to differentiate from other disruptive behavior syndromes, such as oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. Using a systematic process of differential diagnosis and integrating the mental status examination with history and teacher and parent reports, the family physician will be able to diagnose AD/HD with greater accuracy. Treatment with stimulant medication and behavioral strategies yields positive outcomes with these children.