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Constipation and incontinence in the elderly

N W Read1, A F Celik, P Katsinelos

  • 1Centre for Human Nutrition, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, England.

Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology
|January 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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Constipation and incontinence are common in the elderly due to immobility, diet, and dehydration. This review details causes, including fecal impaction and neurological issues, and offers clinical management guidelines.

Area of Science:

  • Geriatrics
  • Gastroenterology
  • Colorectal Surgery

Background:

  • Constipation and fecal incontinence are prevalent in the elderly population.
  • These conditions significantly impact quality of life and healthcare costs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the prevalence and causes of constipation and incontinence in the elderly.
  • To detail the physiology and specific causes of fecal impaction.
  • To provide clinical assessment and management guidelines for defecation disorders in the elderly.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on geriatric defecation disorders.
  • Detailed physiological description of fecal impaction.
  • Discussion of neurological, mechanical, and disease-related causes of constipation and incontinence.

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Main Results:

  • Immobility, low dietary fiber, and dehydration are key factors in elderly constipation.
  • Neurological causes, fecal impaction, rectal prolapse, rectocele, hemorrhoids, diverticular disease, and ulcerative colitis contribute to constipation.
  • Fecal incontinence pathogenesis involves fecal impaction, neurological causes, obstetric trauma, and pudendal neuropathy.

Conclusions:

  • Defecation disorders in the elderly are multifactorial, involving physiological, neurological, and mechanical elements.
  • Comprehensive clinical assessment is crucial for effective management.
  • Management strategies should address underlying causes and provide tailored interventions for constipation and incontinence.