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Updated: Aug 19, 2026

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Comparative in vivo Study of gp96 Adjuvanticity in the Frog Xenopus laevis
Published on: September 16, 2010
Antibody production to lipopolysaccharide in thymectomized Xenopus
European Journal of Immunology
|June 1, 1976
Abstract:
Xenopus toadlets, some of which had been thymectomized as larvae, were immunized with E. coli lipopolysaccharide. Antibody titers were similar in thymectomized and intact toadlets. Antibody was exclusively IgM. The results suggest that a division into thymus-dependent and thymus-independent anti-body responses extends at least as far back in phylogeny as the amphibians.

