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Hostility in depression

J K Moreno1, M J Selby, A Fuhriman

  • 1Department of Psychology and Human Development, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo 93407.

Psychological Reports
|December 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
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This study found that hostility, particularly self-directed hostility (intropunitiveness), strongly predicts depression severity in adults. Women and older individuals with lower education also showed higher depression scores.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Depression is a prevalent mental health condition with complex etiological factors.
  • Hostility, encompassing behavioral, attitudinal, and affective components, has been implicated in various psychological disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between different subtypes of hostility and the severity of self-reported depression.
  • To identify demographic and hostility-related predictors of depression.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 69 participants (39 men, 30 women) from university counseling and medical centers.
  • Participants completed the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory, State-Trait Anger Scale, and Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire.

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  • Statistical analyses included correlational analysis and hierarchical regression.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant positive correlations were observed between depression severity and all measured subtypes of hostility (behavior, attitude, affect, intropunitiveness, extrapunitiveness).
    • Increasing age, lower education, and female gender accounted for 50% of the variance in depression scores.
    • The Intropunitive subscale of hostility was the strongest single predictor of depression, explaining an additional 19% of the variance. Women generally scored higher on hostility measures.

    Conclusions:

    • Hostility, especially intropunitiveness, is a significant correlate and predictor of depression severity.
    • Demographic factors such as age, education, and gender play a role in depression.
    • Findings suggest potential targets for intervention in clinical practice, focusing on managing hostility and intropunitive tendencies in depressed individuals.