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Related Experiment Videos

Predicting episodic memory performance in dementia: is severity all there is?

L Bäckman1, R D Hill, A Herlitz

  • 1Section of Psychology, Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Sweden.

Psychology and Aging
|December 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

This study explored predictors of episodic memory in dementia. Fluid intelligence predicted recall, while age predicted recognition, with fewer predictors than in normal aging.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Episodic memory decline is a hallmark of dementia.
  • Understanding predictors of episodic memory can inform interventions.
  • Previous research identified demographic, psychometric, and biological predictors in normal aging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate individual differences predicting episodic memory in very old persons with mild to moderate dementia.
  • To compare predictors of episodic memory in dementia with those in normal aging.

Main Methods:

  • Participants: Mildly to moderately demented very old individuals.
  • Episodic memory tasks: Free recall, recognition of words, free/cued recall of organizable words, famous face recognition.
  • Statistical analysis: Factor analysis of memory measures, regression controlling for dementia severity.

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Main Results:

  • Factor analysis identified two memory factors: recall and recognition.
  • Block Design (fluid intelligence) positively predicted recall, controlling for dementia severity.
  • Age negatively predicted recognition, controlling for dementia severity.

Conclusions:

  • In dementia, fluid intelligence and age are key predictors of episodic memory performance.
  • The number of predictors for episodic memory appears reduced in dementia compared to normal aging.
  • Age differentially impacts recall and recognition in dementia versus normal aging.