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[Encephalomyelitis due to Epstein-Barr virus]

J M Velazquez Pérez1, C Marsal Alonso, C Cabeza Alvarez

  • 1Sección de Neurología, Hospital Virgen de la Salud, Toledo.

Neurologia (Barcelona, Spain)
|January 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

This case study details a rare instance of a 28-year-old woman diagnosed with encephalomyelitis and central nervous system infection by Epstein-Barr virus. The patient experienced a two-phase illness but achieved good functional recovery.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Virology

Context:

  • Encephalomyelitis is a rare neurological disorder.
  • Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections are common but typically benign in adults.
  • Central nervous system (CNS) involvement by EBV is infrequent in adults.

Purpose:

  • To report an unusual case of a 28-year-old woman with a biphasic presentation of encephalomyelitis and CNS infection by Epstein-Barr virus.
  • To highlight the diagnostic and clinical challenges posed by atypical EBV infections in adults.
  • To discuss the potential long-term sequelae, such as urinary retention, following CNS inflammation.

Summary:

  • A 28-year-old woman presented with a two-phase illness, initially myelitis followed by encephalitis.
  • Cerebrospinal fluid analysis confirmed central nervous system infection with Epstein-Barr virus.

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  • Despite significant initial functional impairment, the patient demonstrated substantial recovery, with residual urinary retention attributed to spinal cord lesions.

    • Impact:

    • This case underscores the importance of considering Epstein-Barr virus as a potential cause of encephalomyelitis in adults, even in the absence of typical infectious mononucleosis symptoms.
    • The findings contribute to the understanding of the diverse neurological manifestations of EBV infections.
    • It highlights the possibility of good functional recovery despite severe neurological compromise in select cases.