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Leukemia-associated changes identified by quantitative flow cytometry: I. CD10 expression

T Lavabre-Bertrand1, G Janossy, K Ivory

  • 1Department of Clinical Immunology, Royal Free Hospital and School of Medicine, Hampstead, London, United Kingdom.

Cytometry
|December 15, 1994
PubMed
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CD10 antigen expression differs between normal fetal bone marrow and B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Quantitative immunofluorescence revealed aberrant CD10 overexpression in a significant portion of ALL cases, correlating with specific chromosomal alterations.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Hematology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • CD10 antigen is a marker used in hematological diagnostics.
  • Understanding CD10 expression patterns is crucial for diagnosing and classifying B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare CD10 antigen expression levels in normal fetal bone marrow with those in B-lineage ALL.
  • To investigate the diagnostic utility of CD10 quantification in ALL, including its correlation with chromosomal abnormalities.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative indirect immunofluorescence (QIFI) and direct immunofluorescence (IF) assays were employed.
  • Median fluorescence intensity (MFI) values were converted to antigen molecules per cell (AgE) for precise quantification.
  • Multiparameter flow cytometry was used for routine analysis of CD10 expression in leukemia cases.

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Main Results:

  • Normal lymphoid precursors express 3-12.5 x 10^3 CD10 molecules/cell.
  • A significant percentage of B-lineage ALL cases (33% by QIFI, 43.6% by routine analysis) showed aberrant CD10 overexpression.
  • Elevated CD10 levels correlated with hyperdiploidy, while low or undetectable levels were associated with specific translocations (t(1;19), t(4;11)).

Conclusions:

  • CD10 antigen quantification is a valuable tool for diagnosing B-lineage ALL, particularly in challenging cases like early relapse or aplastic anemia masquerades.
  • Aberrant CD10 expression patterns and levels provide insights into specific ALL subtypes and their associated genetic alterations.
  • CD10 expression levels remain consistent in relapse, reinforcing its utility as a diagnostic marker.